Valeur N, 2004 Denmark
To evaluate effect on immune cells in the gut epithelium in healthy adults.
Open 28 days + 28d follow-up
L. reuteri: 19 (4×108 CFU)
L. reuteri significantly increased/stimulated CD4+ T-lympho cytes in the small intestine (ileum)
Böttcher MF, 2008
(Mothers of the infants of Abrahamsson’s prevention-of- allergy study of 2007) Sweden
To evaluate effect on the immu nological composition of breast milk. Pregnant women ingested L. reuteri before giving birth.
R, DB, PC 4 weeks before delivery, follow-up after 1 month
L. reuteri:54 (1×108 CFU) Placebo: 55
• Colostrum content of the cytokine TGF-beta2 was signifi cantly reduced while its content of the anti-inflammatory cyto kine IL-10 increased
• The effect was not retained at follow-up
Mangalat N, 2012 USA
Primary objective was to investi gate the safety of the L. reuteri Protectis drops in healthy adults. Secondary aim was changes in some specific immune factors.
R, DB, PC 2 months with follow-up after 1 and 4 months
L. reuteri: 30 (1×108 CFU) Placebo: 10
2 months of L. reuteri intake had no significant effect on:
• subclasses of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells)
• regulatory T cells (Tregs) • TLRs (toll like receptors) 2 and 4 expression
• cytokine expression by stimulated PBMCs There was a small, significant increase in the faecal calpro tectin level, within the normal clinical range