Alforaidi S, 2021
Sweden
Evaluate the effect of drops containing L. reuteri Prodentis on plaque pH and the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients.
“R, DB, PC 3 weeks
L. reuteri: 13 Placebo: 14 (rinse w 5 drops diluted in 1 ml wter, 2x/d)
Significant increase in plaque pH at three weeks in the probiotic group (p<0.05), while insignificant changes in the pH value were found for the placebo group in comparison to baseline (p > 0.05). No difference in the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli between the groups.
Caglar E, 2006
Turkey
To study the effect of L. reuteri ATCC 55730 in two non-dairy delivery systems, on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in adults.
R, DB, PC
3 weeks
L. reuteri drinking straw: 30 (1×108 CFU) Placebo drinking straw: 30 L. reuteri chewable tablet: 30 (1×108 CFU) Placebo chewable tablet: 30
L. reuteri delivered in a drinking straw or as a chewable tab let significantly reduced the counts of mutans streptococci compared to placebo.
Caglar E, 2007
Turkey
To compare the effect of chewing gums with xylitol or L. reu teri Prodentis, or a combination thereof, on counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the saliva of young adults.
R, DB, PC
3 weeks
L. reuteri: 20 (6×108 CFU) L. reuteri + xylitol: 20 (4×108 CFU) Xylitol: 20
• Three weeks’ daily consumption of either 3 L. reuteri Proden tis chewing gums or 6 xylitol chewing gums reduced the counts of mutans streptococci
• Total lactobacilli levels were unaffected
Caglar E, 2008
Turkey
To evaluate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges on Streptococcus mutans in young adults with high counts thereof.
R, DB, PC
10 days
L. reuteri: 10
(2×108 CFU)
Placebo: 10
• L. reuteri significantly reduced the counts of Streptococcus mutans
• Total number of lactobacilli was unaffected
Gizani S, 2016
Greece
To evaluate the effect of daily intake of L. reuteri Prodentis on white spot lesion (WSL) formation as well as on salivary lactobacilli (LB) and mutans streptococci (MS) counts, in patients undergo ing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
R, DB, PC 17 months with start 6 months after bonding
L. reuteri: 42 (4×108 CFU) Placebo: 43
There were no differences in the incidence of WSL between the groups at debonding. The levels of salivary LB were significantly reduced in both groups at the time of debon ding compared with baseline, while no alterations of the MS counts were unveiled. The patients had generally a neglec ted oral hygiene, both at baseline and at the follow-up.
Marttinen A, 2012
Finland
Effect ofL. reuteri Prodentis lozenges and tablets with Lacto bacillus GG (LGG) on the production of lactic acid in supragingi val dental plaque. Detection rate of probiotic strains, and counts of total lactobacilli and mutans streptococci in dental plaque.
R, DB, crossover 2 weeks per product
13 subjects in total L. reuteri: 13 (4×108 CFU) LGG: 13 (2 tablets per day)
Lactic acid production in plaque was unaffected after use of either two probiotics for 2 weeks. L. reuteri was detected more frequently in dental plaque than LGG. Mutans strep tococci levels were unchanged during both treatments, comparing baseline and after two weeks. Total lactobacilli in plaque were increased during use of L. reuteri but non significantly so during LGG use.
Keller MK, 2012b
Sweden + Denmark
The effect on regrowth of oral bacteria after a 3-day full mouth disinfection with chlor hexidine in young adults with moderate to high salivary counts of S. mutans.
R, DB, PC 6 weeks + 6 weeks follow-up
L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 32 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 30
The intake of lozenges with L. reuteri did not affect the regrowth rate of salivary mutans streptococci after full mouth disinfection with chlorhexidine, nor the counts of other bacteria associated with oral health.
Keller MK, 2012c
Denmark
To study the effects of L. reuteri Prodentis on lactic acid formation in supragingival dental plaque and changes in counts of S. mutans and total lactobacilli in young, healthy adults with mo derate to high counts of salivary mutans streptococci.
R, DB, PC, crossover 2 weeks per pro duct and 3-week washout between the two periods
18 subjects in total L. reuteri (3 tabl/d): 18 (6×108 CFU) Placebo (3 tabl/d): 18
There was no increase in plaque acidity after use of L. reuteri for two weeks. Scores for growth of S. mutans remained the same within groups, while total lactobacilli increased signifi cantly during the test period.
Nikawa H, 2004
Japan
To investigate the effect of L. reuteri ATCC 55730, delivered in yoghurt, on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young healthy adults.
R, PC, crossover, 2 weeks per product
40 subjects in total L. reuteri: 40 (CFU not stated) Placebo: 40
• Reduction of the counts of Streptococcus mutans in both groups
• In the group with L. reuteri during the first test period, the inhibiting effect of L. reuteri was sustained also during the placebo period
Romani Vestman N, 2013
(additional results of the study by Keller et al. 2012b) Sweden + Denmark
To determine the prevalence of L. reuteri Prodentis’ strains DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in saliva during and after a 6-week intervention preceded by full-mouth disinfec tion with chlorhexidine, compared with placebo, and investigate whether the persistence of these probiotic strains affected the regrowth of mutans streptococci (MS) in young, healthy adults.
R, DB, PC 6 weeks follow-up at 3 and 6 months
L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 31 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 28
The strain L. reuteri DSM 17938 was detected in 60–70% of test group subjects during intervention, but it was cultivable in only a few individuals after termination of the interven tion. The presence of DNA from L. reuteri DSM 17938 in saliva seemed to delay the regrowth of caries-associated MS.
Stensson M, 2014
(follow-up of the population of Abra hamsson’s prevention-of allergy study of 2007) Sweden
To evaluate the effect on oral health, at age 9 years, of daily oral supplementation with the probiotic L. reuteri ATCC 55730, to mothers during the last month of gestation and to children throughout the first year of life.
R, SB, PC Multi-center Clinical and radiographic examination of the primary dentition and carious lesions, plaque and gingi vitis were recorded. Saliva and plaque samples were ana lysed for mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). Salivary secre tory IgA (sIgA) was determined.
L. reuteri (5 drops/d): 60 (1×108 CFU) Placebo (5 drops/d): 53 Attrition rate of 40% compared to the initial 188 infants of Abrahamsson’s trial (2007). Loss to follow-up was mainly due to family move from the area.
Compared to placebo, L. reuteri significantly:
• Increased the proportion of caries free children: 82% vs. 58%
• Decreased the prevalence of approximal caries: 0.67 vs. 1.53 tooth surfaces
• Decreased the number of sites with gingivitis
No statistically significant intergroup differences were found with respect to mutans streptococci or lactobacilli in saliva or plaque. There was a non-significant trend towards higher sIgA in the probiotic group compared to placebo.
Marttinen A, 2012
Finland
Effect ofL. reuteri Prodentis lozenges and tablets with Lacto bacillus GG (LGG) on the produc tion of lactic acid in supragingi val dental plaque. Detection rate of probiotic strains, and counts of total lactobacilli and mutans streptococci in dental plaque.
R, DB, crossover 2 weeks per product
13 subjects in total L. reuteri: 13 (4×108 CFU) LGG: 13 (2 tablets per day)
Lactic acid production in plaque was unaffected after use of either two probiotics for 2 weeks. L. reuteri was detected more frequently in dental plaque than LGG. Mutans strep tococci levels were unchanged during both treatments, comparing baseline and after two weeks. Total lactobacilli in plaque were increased during use of L. reuteri but non significantly so during LGG use.