Ericson D, 2013
Sweden
To investigate whether ingestion of L. reuteri Prodentis could influ ence salivary IgA levels, specific anti-mutans streptococci IgA levels and specific antibodies towards the ingested probiotic bacterium.
R, DB, PC 12 weeks + follow-up 1 month there after
L. reuteri (2 gums/d): 11
(2×108 CFU)
Placebo (2 gums/d): 12
The total level of salivary IgA increased significantly within the test group. Specific IgA towards the ingested L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289, as well as against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, decreased in the test group and the levels tended to return to pre-treatment values after the 4-week washout period. No changes were seen in the control group during the trial.
Jørgensen MR, 2016
Denmark
To evaluate the effect of daily inges tion of L. reuteri Prodentis on the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in whole saliva of healthy young adults, aged 18-32y.
R, DB, PC, crossover 3 weeks of intervention with 3 weeks of washout between, follow-up 3 weeks post intervention
41 subjects in total L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 41 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 41
No significant differences in the concentrations of salivary sIgA or cytokines were recorded between the L. reuteri and placebo interventions or between baseline and 3 weeks post-intervention levels. No side- or adverse effects were reported.
Braathen G, 2017 Denmark (substudy of Jørgensen 2016)
Saliva from the subjects of the Jørgensen 2016 trial, who ingested L. reuteri Prodentis, was further analysed for the presence of L. reuteri, the concentration of total protein, salivary IgA and selected cytokines. Results were compared between individuals who harbored L. reuteri after the probio-tic interven tion (PCR-positive) and those who displayed sub-detection levels (PCR-negative).
R, DB, PC, crossover 3 weeks of intervention with 3 weeks of washout between, follow-up 3 weeks post intervention
41 subjects in total L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 41 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 41
At baseline, 27% of the individuals displayed presence of L. reuteri and 42% were positive immediately after the three-week probiotic intervention. Those with L. reuteri in saliva had significantly higher concentrations of salivary IgA and higher %IgA/protein ratio at the termination of the probiotic intake compared with subjects with non-presence of L. reuteri. No differences in the cytokine levels were observed.