Keller MK, 2012a
Denmark
To evaluate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis chewing gums on oral malodour.
R, DB, PC, crossover, 14 days per product
25 subjects in total L. reuteri (2 gums/d): 25 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 gums/d): 25
The probiotic chewing gums significantly decreased oral malodour assessed by organoleptic scores after the pro biotic period compared to the placebo gum period. There was no effect on volatile sulphur compounds.
Keller MK, 2018
Denmark
A pilot study to investigate the ef fect of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges on recurrent candidiasis in oral lichen planus patients.
R, DB, PC 16 weeks + 36 weeks follow-up
L. reuteri (3 tabl/d): 10 (6×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/ day): 13
No difference between the groups during the intervention or follow-up in terms of recurrent oral candidiasis. The study experienced recruitment problems and was there fore underpowered.
Kraft-Bodi E, 2015
Sweden
To investigate the effect of a daily intake of the probiotic L. reuteri Prodentis on the prevalence and counts of oral Candida in frail elderly patients living in nursing homes, and aged 60-102 years and mean age 88y.
R, DB, PC Multi-center 12 weeks Study product was taken at the same time as medicines, morning and early evening
L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 84 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 90
Compared to placebo, the L. reuteri group had a statisti cally significant reduction in the prevalence of high Can dida counts (primary outcome), and the difference was statistically significant in both saliva and plaque (P < 0.05). No significant differences between the groups were noted concerning clinical signs of gingivitis, i.e. the levels of supragingival plaque or bleeding on probing. No adverse events related to the study products were reported.
Romani Vestman N, 2015
Sweden
To assess the impact on saliva and tooth biofilm microbiota composition and species richness of L. reuteri Prodentis ingestion for four weeks, in healthy adult volunteers, aged 20–66.
R, DB, PC 12 weeks follow-up at 1 and 6 mo. after termination of intervention
L. reuteri 2 tabl/d): 21 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 20
• The microbiota composition shifted but species richness remained unaffected
• The shift normalized within 1 month after terminating exposure
• The L. reuteri strains were detected in approximately 70% of the participants during daily administration and in approx. 24% at the 1-month follow-up
Twetman S, 2018
Denmark
Pilot study to investigate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges , together with L. reuteri Prodentis topical oil, on oral wound healing.
R, DB, PC, crossover 1-week run-in period. Biopsy taken with a stan dardized punch, followed by 8 days intervention. 4-week wash out period, all procedures were repeated a second time..
10 subjects in total L. reuteri (2 tabl/d) + topical oil (1 drop/d): 10
(tabl. 4×108 CFU; oil, 4×107 CFU)
Placebo (2 tabl/d) + topical oil (1 drop/d): 10
Tendency of improved wound healing in the L. reuteri group at the 2-and 5-day check-ups, but not significant compared to placebo. Higher, but non-significant expres sions of TNF superfamily ligands and IL-8 in the probiotic group. The salivary levels of oxytocin were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the placebo group at the 8-day follow up.
Wälivaara D-Å, 2019
Sweden
Investigation of the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges on oral wound healing, swelling, pain and discomfort after surgical re moval of mandibular third molars in adults above 18y. A diary was filled out 14 days post operatively by patients to record pain, swelling, any sleep distur bance, sick leave from work, use of analgesics, adverse events or side effects.
R, DB, PC 2 weeks
L. reuteri: (3 tabl/d): 30 (6×108 CFU) Placebo (3 tabl/d): 31
On day 14, compared to placebo:
• Significant reduction in Lr patients’ self-reported data on sense of swelling, number of nights with disturbed sleep and days with sick-leave from work (p<0.05).
• No difference between groups in regard to objective wound healing scores, concentration of oxytocin in saliva and growth of specific bacteria in wound exudate.
• No side effects or adverse events were reported
Pedersen AML, 2019
Denmark
Pilot trial to investigate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges on recurrent aphthous ulcers in adults aged 18-30y, evaluated by Ulcer Severity Score (USS) and subjective pain reported by a Visual Ana logue Pain Scale.
R, DB, PC
90 days
L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 10
(4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 9
Day 90, end of intervention:
• Tendency to greater improvement (difference in lesions by USS) compared to placebo (p<0.07).
• Significant improvement in USS within the L. reuteri group only.
• Subjective pain score was improved but without differ ence between groups.
• No report on any side effects or adverse events.
Sinkiewicz G, 2010
Sweden
To investigate the presence of L. reuteri in saliva after daily use of L. reuteri Prodentis chewing gum, and the effect on plaque index and supra- and subgingival microbiota, in healthy adults.
R, DB, PC 12 weeks + 4w follow-up
L. reuteri: 11 (4×108 CFU) Placebo: 12
• Both strains in L. reuteri Prodentis were found in the saliva in the test group after 1 week, but were washed out after cessation of chewing gum usage
• Plaque index did not change in the L. reuteri group while it increased significantly in the placebo group
• L. reuteri Prodentis had no significant effect on the com position of the supra- or subgingival microbiota