Schlagenhauf U, 2020 Germany
Investigate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis on gingival inflamma tion in healthy adults
R, DB, PC
L. reuteri (2 tabl/d): 36 (4×108 CFU) Placebo (2 tabl/d): 36
Compared to placebo, L. reuteri significantly improved bleeding of probing (primary outcome), as well as gingival index, plaque control record, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level (secondary outcomes).
Schlagenhauf U 2016 Germany
Influence of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges on plaque control and gingival inflammation in preg nant women.
R, DB, PC During 3rd tri mester and the first days after delivery
L. reuteri: 24 (4×108 CFU) Placebo: 21
Compared to placebo, L. reuteri Prodentis significantly reduced:
• Plaque index
• Gingival index There was no effect on the inflammation marker TNF-α (in serum).
Bravo J, 2018 Chile
To evaluate the efficacy of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges in the treatment of gingivitis in young adults (~19y).
R, DB, PC 3 months
L. reuteri: 15 (2×108 CFU) Placebo: 15
Only the L. reuteri group had a significant reduction in number of sites with severe inflammation. However, both the groups had significant improvements in gingival index, plaque index and bleeding on probing.
Sabatini S, 2017 Italy
Pilot trial to evaluate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges on gingivitis in diabetic patients (adults).
R, SB, open 30 days
L. reuteri: 40 (4×108 CFU) Control: 40
Compared to control, L. reuteri significantly reduced:
• Plaque index
• Bleeding on probing
Twetman S, 2009 Denmark
To investigate the effect of L. reuteri Prodentis chewing gums on gingival inflammation and the levels of selected pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid, in adults.
R, DB, PC 2 weeks + 2w follow-up
L. reuteri (2 gums): 13 (4×108 CFU) L. reuteri (1 gum) + placebo (1 gum): 13 (2×108 CFU) Placebo (2 gums): 12
L. reuteri significantly:
• Decreased bleeding on probing and reduced the volume of gingival crevicular fluid
• Dose-dependently decreased proinflammatory oral cytokines
Krasse P, 2006 Sweden
To study the effect of a probiotic chewing gum on gingivitis and dental plaque in adults, and the occurrence of the probiotic in saliva.
R, DB, PC 14 days
L. reuteri LR-1: 20 (2×108 CFU) L. reuteri LR-2: 21 (2×108 CFU) Placebo: 18
L. reuteri significantly reduced gingivitis and dental plaque in patients with moderate to severe gingivitis. Both strains were shown to colonize the saliva.
Stensson M, 2014
(follow-up of the po pulation of Abrahamsson´s prevention of allergy study of 2007) Sweden
To evaluate the effect on oral health, at age 9 years, of daily oral supplementation with the probiotic L. reuteri ATCC 55730, to mothers during the last month of gestation and to children throughout the first year of life.
R, SB, PC Multi-center Clinical and radiographic examination of the primary den tition and carious lesions, plaque and gingivitis were recorded. Saliva and plaque samples were analysed for mutans strep tococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). Salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) was de termined.
L. reuteri (5 drops/d): 60 (1×108 CFU) Placebo (5 drops/d): 53 Attrition rate of 40% compared to the initial 188 infants of Abrahamsson’s trial (2007). Loss to follow up was mainly due to family move from the area.
Compared to placebo, L. reuteri significantly:
• Increased the proportion of caries free children: 82% vs. 58%
• Decreased the prevalence of approximal caries: 0.67 vs. 1.53 tooth surfaces
• Decreased the number of sites with gingivitis No statistically significant intergroup differences were found with respect to mutans streptococci or lactobacilli in saliva or plaque. There was a non-significant trend towards higher sIgA in the probiotic group compared to placebo.
Iniesta M, 2012 Spain
To investigate the effect of L. reu teri Prodentis lozenges on clinical and microbiological outcomes in adults with gingivitis.
R, DB, PC 8 weeks
L. reuteri: 20 (2×108 CFU) Placebo: 20
L. reuteri reduced numbers of selected periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota, but without any associated clinical impact.
Hallström H, 2013 Sweden
Effect of L. reuteri Prodentis loz enges on experimental gingivitis, specific cytokines of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and su pragingival plaque microbiota in healthy, adult females.
R, DB, PC, crossover 3 weeks, separated by 2-week run-in and washout periods.
Participants refrai ned from cleaning four of their lateral teeth during the experiment
18 subjects in total L. reuteri: 18 (2×108 CFU, twice/d) Placebo: 18
• All subjects presented a local plaque accumulation and all but one developed manifest gingivitis at the test sites during the intervention periods. There were no differen ces in clinical parameters between the two types of test products.
• The volume of GCF increased in both groups but was sta tistically significant only after the placebo period.
• The concentrations of IL1 -β and IL-18 increased significantly, while IL-8 and MIP-1β decreased. No differences were dis played between test and placebo.
• The microbial composition did not differ between the groups.
Tran LL, 2012 (abstract) USA
Effects of L. reuteri Prodentis in healthy adults where gingivitis was experimentally induced by refraining from all oral hygiene measures.
R, DB, PC 14 days
L. reuteri : 26 (2×108 CFU) Placebo: 27
In both groups the gingival and plaque indices increased significantly compared to baseline values, and to the same extent. L. reuteri was detected in the saliva of 40% in the probiotic group, while it was absent in the entire placebo group.